Emily Kenway in her book 'The Truth about Modern Slavery' says that this part of the Palermo Protocol is interpreted differently by different people. This is what she writes in her book:-
"the protocol says that consent is negated when particular methods are used to move and exploit someone, like fraud, deception, abuse of power or a position of vulnerability. If these things have been part of the process of someone moving and being exploited, then their consent to the situation is void. If, by contrast, those methods aren't present, then trafficking has not happened. The nature of sex work and how it relates to exploitation is left ambiguous by the following phrase in the protocol: 'exploitation shall include, at a minimum, exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation'. Six words there - exploitation of the prostitution of others - have unsurprisingly been construed in totally opposing ways by the two warring sides. To those fighting for sex workers' rights, they consider the phrase to mean practices that exploit those performing sex work, not the sex work itself; for those who believe that all sex work is fundamentally exploitative, it has been construed to mean the entire sex sector. This is despite the fact that official records on the protocol state that it should not be interpreted to mean that states are required to adopt legislation that makes sex work in entirety illegal."
Nick Davis in one of his newspaper articles says this:-
"And, from the outset, that word was a problem. On a strict definition, eventually expressed in international law by the 2000 Palermo protocol, sex trafficking involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to transport an unwilling victim into sexual exploitation. This image of sex slavery soon provoked real public anxiety.
But a much looser definition, subsequently adopted by the UK's 2003 Sexual Offences Act, uses the word to describe the movement of all sex workers, including willing professionals who are simply travelling in search of a better income. This wider meaning has injected public debate with confusion and disproportionate anxiety."