All the old jibes are coming out now
If you're only having a massage, I doubt there's an infallible method. If you get to finger her pussy, definitely there are ways, but by then it might be too late.
1. Vaginal lubrication. Trans usually don't or in small amounts and will keep reaching for lube.
2. Vaginal walls. Trans are smooth and uniform whereas you'll feel more textures and ridges in a female.
3. Cervix. Sure give away if there isn't one.
Yes these may indeed be indicators or possible clues, but are still not definitive even when all are present.
Firstly, as you suggest, it assumes fingering is allowed and many SPs do not. I would suggest that most punters are unlikely to know how to ‘palpate the cervix’ let alone distinguish the feel from that of a surgically created vagina?
In an aroused female it may well be impossible to reach the cervix with your fingers anyway. Then there is post radical hysterectomy where the cervix has been removed. In general a natural vagina will be less smooth but this is also very variable.
Also the use of lube is commonplace by everyone (and rightly so) and someone who has had transition surgery will definitely prelube as there is, as you say, no natural lubrication. The exception to this could be someone whose surgical procedure has been to use part of the bowel to create the vagina (not a common procedure) which may then have some natural lubrication as well as potentially increased 'elasticity' which can be an issue with standard techniques.
There is only one way to be certain and that is the presence of external scarring, but as with all surgical procedures the long term appearance of scars is highly variable, but they will be there.
This does mean that (a) you know where to look and (b) in the case of very well healed scars, good lighting (and eyesight) and adequate close field of vision are required. The presence of pubic hair may make this more difficult.
So yes it is far from easy but IMO perhaps the first possible clue and whilst clothed, is the voice. Once again not reliable, but another potential indicator. The post transition surgery regime should involve voice training to feminise the voice and in some cases vocal cord surgery may be be carried out, but the latter is usually a regime of last resort with very variable results.
Then again some cis females have deep voices which are natural and may indicate raised testosterone levels at some stage of their life …. or just damage.
Which takes you full circle to the OP and does it really matter?