Allen
GUM clinics are the best place you can go. I'm pretty sure they don't notfy your GP. It's free too. You'll likely see a few WGs there too. It's amusing looking around the waiting area wondering what others have been up to.
They usually do an emergency no appointment walk-in. You turn up fill in a basic form, make sure you haven't pissed for 3 hours before you go. You'll piss in at least one pot, they'll take some blood for the lab which can detect hiv very early (4th generation test) and have a result turn-around of around 4-7 days -if they do find that you're infected they'll likely phone you within 2-3 days. They'll also do a baseline fingerprick test so you know if you were already infected. They'll sms the results in around a week, sometimes a bit longer. They do not routinetly screen for syphillis, which is also a blood test. They will ask you if you have a contact number for whoever (or whatever) you went with - decision on response is for you to make, I usually say I wouldn't be able to get hold of the WG again. There is always the possibility that the WG does not know, personally I'd most likelt tell the WG before the GUM.
There are some WGs that'll use mouthwash on themselves, some that use wet-wipes on us. Only one WG in Bounds Green, London used both -which might reduce risk both ways, she has some unkind reviews on here.
Every now and again I go get tested when I'm worried. I can tell you that I've been worried a few times and on one occasion I was put on PEPSE (after the event within the 3 day window). If you've ever been on retroviral drugs you'll never forget it, the effects on the drugs on me were horrible. Fortunately I was okay. On the next occasion my mind went into overdrive and I made myself ill. The mind is so powerful that you can display physical symptoms like happened to me.
So far I've been okay, I'm a bit of a scaredy-cat. Fortunately, I've never had anything. After the PEPSE I decided not to go further than a HJ, but of course I'm only human.
What I did. I got the GUM to give me vaccinations against Hep A & B, later had a Hep B booster shot too. It is worth trying to get the HPV vaccine if you can.
The most fearsome infection I found online was genital warts.
Back to your question. Not sure about bacteria but for hiv it's vaginal fluids that are most dangerious to blokes as well as abrasions in WGs mouth. Entry is through cuts in mouth, urethra and base skin of penis (all around). WGs sometimes use teeth on cock during OW -bad idea, condoms are fragile. Some WGs use oil-based lubes -bad idea, all oil based lubes damage condom and it will break.
If a WG is on retrovirals and taking them properly, the chance of hiv infection might be low -google it. There is also conflicting info on hiv virus survival out of the body, personally I believe it depends on conditions outside the body and mode of transferance.
Some common bacterial iinfections will show-up from 3 days onward. Some have no physical outward signs. Skin to skin contact alone can result in wart infections, I think these are viral.
Go to a GUM, get your tests done, get some vaccinations.
Good luck.